Comment aider à lutter contre les caillots sanguins associés au Covid-19 ?

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Might Enzymes Help Blood Clotting Associated With COVID-19?

Analysis by Dr. Joseph Mercola Fact Checked. 27 janvier 2023

Story at-a-glance

• Aside from sepsis — which in one study was present in 59% of COVID-19 patients and 100% of those who died — blood clots also appear to be common in patients with severe COVID-19 disease
• Abnormal coagulation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. According to one case report, 71.4% of patients who died of COVID-19 met the criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) while only 0.6% of patients who survived met that criteria
• DIC refers to a systemic disorder that affects blood coagulation and can result in organ dysfunction and death. Prothrombotic DIC causes persistent blood clots. Sepsis is one of the most common causes of DIC
• Doctors are divided when it comes to treatment of DIC. Some believe early administration of blood thinners is advisable, while other data suggest they don’t improve outcomes
• Holistic prophylactic alternatives that might be beneficial against blood clots include proteolytic enzymes such as lumbrokinase, nattokinase and serrapeptase, all of which act as natural anticoagulants by breaking down the fibrin that forms the blood clot

From Dr. Joseph Mercola

Since COVID-19 first entered the scene, exchange of ideas has basically been outlawed. By sharing my views and those from various experts throughout the pandemic on COVID treatments and the experimental COVID jabs, I became a main target of the White House, the political establishment and the global cabal.

Propaganda and pervasive censorship have been deployed to seize control over every part of your life, including your health, finances and food supply. The major media are key players and have been instrumental in creating and fueling fear.

I am republishing this article in its original form so that you can see how the progression unfolded.

Originally published: May 9, 2020

Aside from sepsis — which in one study¹ was present in 59% of COVID-19 patients and 100% of those who died — blood clots also appear to be common in patients with severe COVID-19 disease.^2,3,4,5 As reported by STAT news:⁶

“Doctors treating the sickest COVID-19 patients have zeroed in on a new phenomenon: Some people have developed widespread blood clots, their lungs peppered with tiny blockages that prevent oxygen from pumping into the bloodstream and body ...

Physicians from the U.S., the Netherlands, and China have published a number of case reports in scientific journals about Covid-19 patients with a multitude of small blood clots. In one report, researchers in China said 7 out of 10 patients who died of Covid-19 had small blood clots throughout the bloodstream, compared to fewer than 1 in 100 people who survived ...

It still isn’t clear why the virus leads to these blood clots forming, or why patients’ bodies can’t break them up. It also isn’t clear how significant a role they play in a patient’s illness.”

Blood Clots — A Newly Discovered Hallmark of Severe COVID-19

According to a case report published April 8, 2020:⁷

“A hallmark of severe COVID-19 is coagulopathy, with 71.4% of patients who die of COVID-19 meeting ... criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) while only 0.6% of patients who survive meet these criteria.

Additionally, it has become clear that this is not a bleeding diathesis but rather a predominantly pro-thrombotic DIC with high venous thromboembolism rates, elevated D-dimer levels, high fibrinogen levels in concert with low anti-thrombin levels, and pulmonary congestion with microvascular thrombosis and occlusion on pathology in addition to mounting experience with high rates of central line thrombosis and vascular occlusive events (e.g. ischemic limbs, strokes, etc.) ...

There is evidence in both animals and humans that fibrinolytic therapy in Acute Lung Injury and ARDS improves survival, which also points to fibrin deposition in the pulmonary microvasculature as a contributory cause of ARDS and would be expected to be seen in patients with ARDS and concomitant diagnoses of DIC on their laboratory values such as what is observed in more than 70% of those who die of COVID-19.”

There’s a whole lot of tongue twisting medical jargon in that abstract, but the key points are these: DIC⁸ refers to a systemic disorder that affects blood coagulation and can result in organ dysfunction and death.

Prothrombotic DIC causes blood clots to form while simultaneously activating the fibrinolytic system⁹ — the pathway responsible for degrading and removing clots in the blood stream. The process is dysregulated, however.

The final step in the fibrinolytic process is the cleavage of fibrin, which results in the formation of degradation products such as D-dimer.¹⁰ High D-dimer levels indicate that your body is breaking down one or more blood clots.

Fibrinogen is a clotting factor essential for proper blood formation. Fibrinogen levels typically rise when inflammation or tissue damage is present. Fibrinogen is broken down by the enzyme thrombin into fibrin, which causes a clot to form.

As the name implies, antithrombin¹¹ is a protein that inactivates enzymes involved in blood coagulation. In COVID-19, antithrombin levels tend to be low and fibrinogen levels high. The end result is blood clots that are not properly degraded and removed.

Abnormal Coagulation Associated With Poor Prognosis

According to a February 19, 2020, report¹² in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, abnormal coagulation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Of 183 consecutive COVID-19 patients treated in a Chinese hospital, those who died had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer and other fibrin degradation products; 71.4% of those who died also met the criteria of DIC, compared to just 0.6% of those who recovered.

Lewis Kaplan, a University of Pennsylvania physician and head of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, told The Washington Post¹³ that while clotting complications are common in cancer and trauma patients, “they don’t clot like this.”

According to Kaplan, “The problem we are having is that while we understand that there is a clot, we don’t yet understand why there is a clot.” The Washington Post¹⁴ also quotes Harlan Krumholz, a cardiac specialist at the Yale-New Haven Hospital Center, who said:

“One of the theories is that once the body is so engaged in a fight against an invader, the body starts consuming the clotting factors, which can result in either blood clots or bleeding. In Ebola, the balance was more toward bleeding. In COVID-19, it’s more blood clots.”

Interestingly enough, the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis paper¹⁵ highlights the link between DIC and sepsis, noting that:

“Sepsis is well established as one of the most common causes of DIC; development of DIC results when monocytes and endothelial cells are activated to the point of cytokine release following injury, with expression of tissue factor and secretion of von Willebrand factor.”

In other words, COVID-19 patients found to have blood clots should probably be assumed to have sepsis as well, and the sepsis must be properly addressed too. Unfortunately, sepsis is commonly overlooked, even by medical professionals, as many of the symptoms of sepsis look very similar to those of both flu and COVID-19. Examples include high fever with chills and shivering, unusual sweating, dizziness, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, muscle pain and cold, clammy skin.

Cellular and molecular biologist Judy Mikovits, whom I recently interviewed, believes the clotting issue is related to cytokine release but not from SARS-CoV-2. She is confident that a coinfection with the retrovirus XMRV is causing this problem.

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Vitamin C Protocol Lowers Sepsis Mortality

Dr. Paul Marik’s protocol of intravenous (IV) vitamin C with hydrocortisone and thiamine (vitamin B1) has been shown to dramatically improve chances of survival in patients with sepsis.¹⁶

His retrospective before-after clinical study^17,18 showed giving patients 200 mg of thiamine every 12 hours, 1,500 mg of ascorbic acid every six hours, and 50 mg of hydrocortisone every six hours for two days reduced mortality from 40% to 8.5%. Importantly, the treatment has no side effects and is inexpensive, readily available and simple to administer, so there’s virtually no risk involved.

Marik’s sepsis protocol can be a lifesaver, so you’d be wise to discuss it with your doctor any time you’re hospitalized, especially if you or someone you love is diagnosed with COVID-19, considering how common sepsis is in those with more severe disease.

Sepsis is also often the result of a secondary infection contracted while in the hospital, and they’re now finding hospitals are primary vectors of disease, so it’s prudent to be prepared.

This way, should you develop sepsis while you’re admitted, your medical team already knows your wishes and can act swiftly. According to Marik, the best results are obtained when the concoction is administered within the first six hours of presentation of symptoms.¹⁹ The longer you delay treatment, the less likely it will be successful. If your doctor refuses to consider it offhand, convince him or her to review the studies cited here.^{20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28}

Doctors Struggle to Identify Best Blood Clot Treatment

As for the blood clots, doctors are unsure and divided when it comes to treatment. Some believe it’s advisable to administer blood thinners early, even in mild cases treated at home. Some case studies, however, suggest anticoagulants aren’t doing much to improve outcomes.²⁹

Systemic thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) — an intravenous “clot busting” drug used for heart attacks and stroke — has also resulted in mixed success.³⁰ As reported by STAT news:³¹

“Doctors around the country are already giving patients heparin or tPA ... The drug tPA does carry its own risk. It’s typically given to stroke patients within hours of symptoms to reduce the risk of bleeding in the brain.

But [transplant surgery fellow and researcher Hunter] Moore pointed out that the risk of those bleeds for patients on tPA is lower than for Covid-19 patients who are placed on ECMO [extracorporeal membrane oxygenation] machines to improve oxygen levels in their blood.”

Natural Clot-Busters

Holistic prophylactic alternatives that might be beneficial against blood clots include proteolytic enzymes such as lumbrokinase, nattokinase and serrapeptase, all of which act as natural anticoagulants by breaking down the fibrin that forms the blood clot.

As noted in one 2018 Scientific Reports paper,³² “Defibrinogenation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and/or interference with components of the blood coagulation cascade are some of the key mechanisms by which proteolytic enzymes exert their anticoagulant effect.” They also have anti-inflammatory effects.

Lumbrokinase, a complex fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from earthworms, is a highly effective antithrombotic agent that reduces blood viscosity and platelet aggregation.³³ It also degrades fibrin, which is a key factor in clot formation.^34,35

Some researchers have suggested lumbrokinase could be used “as secondary prevention after acute thrombosis,” such as heart attacks and stroke.³⁶ A 2008 study³⁷ found its antiplatelet activity protected against cerebral ischemia.

It is important to note that lumbrokinase is about 300 times stronger than serrapeptase, and nearly 30 times stronger than nattokinase.^38,39,40 It is my strong personal preference and recommendation if you are using a fibrinolytic enzyme.

Nattokinase, produced by the bacteria Bacillus subtilis during the fermentation of soybeans to produce natto,⁴¹ is a strong thrombolytic,⁴² comparable to aspirin^43,44 without the serious side effects.

It’s been shown to break down blood clots and reduce the risk of serious clotting⁴⁵ by dissolving excess fibrin in your blood vessels,⁴⁶ improving circulation and decreasing blood viscosity. Interestingly, in one in vitro study,⁴⁷ the thrombolytic activity of equimolar amounts (meaning equivalent amounts) of nattokinase and tPA were found to be identical.

Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is a substance produced in the gut of newborn Bombyx mori silkworms that allows them to dissolve and escape from their cocoons.

Research⁴⁸ has shown it can help patients with chronic airway disease, lessening viscosity of sputum and reducing coughing. Like lumbrokinase and nattokinase, serrapeptase breaks down fibrin. It also helps dissolve dead or damaged tissue without harming healthy tissue.⁴⁹

• ¹ The Lancet March 11, 2020 doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
• ^2, 7 J Thromb Haermost Case Reports April 8, 2020 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14828
• ^3, 13, 14 The Washington Post April 22, 2020
• ⁴ Journal of the American College of Cardiology April 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
• ⁵ Detroit Free Press April 22, 2020
• ^6, 31 STAT April 16, 2020
• ⁸ Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 Sep-Oct; 58(5): 603–608
• ⁹ Science Direct Fibrinolytic System
• ¹⁰ Science Direct Fibrin Degeneration Product
• ¹¹ Stoptheclot.com Antithrombin Deficiency
• ^12, 15 Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis February 19, 2020 doi: 10.111/jth.14768
• ¹⁶ NPR March 23, 2017
• ¹⁷ Chest June 2017; 151(6): 1229-1238
• ¹⁸ Dr. Malcolm Kendrick, January 28, 2017
• ¹⁹ PowerPoint Presentation: Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis & Septic Shock, Paul E. Marik, MD, page 16-17
• ²⁰ J Clin Med. 2019 Apr 9;8(4). pii: E478
• ²¹ Ann Intensive Care. 2019 May 20;9(1):58
• ²² Trials. 2019 Jul 11;20(1):420
• ²³ Crit Care. 2019 Jul 30;23(1):265
• ²⁴ Nutrients. 2019 Aug 23;11(9). pii: E1994
• ²⁵ Journal of Clinical Medicine January 16, 2019’ 8(1): E102
• ²⁶ Indian Journal of Anaesthesia December 2018; 62(12): 934-939
• ²⁷ Nutrients November 14, 2018; 10(11): E1762
• ²⁸ Critical Care October 29, 2018; 22(1): 283
• ²⁹ Medpage Today April 20, 2020
• ³⁰ Medpage Today April 14, 2020
• ³² Scientific Reports 2018; 8, Article Number 6210
• ³³ Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013: 783971
• ³⁴ Institute for Progressive Medicine
• ³⁵ Subcell Biochem. January 1, 2017;82:405-456
• ³⁶ ICH GCP Clinical Trials Registry, The Effects of DLBS1033 on Haemostasis Parameters in Healthy Volunteers
• ³⁷ European Journal of Pharmacology August 20, 2008; 590(1-3): 281-289
• ³⁸ Townsend Letter May 2018
• ³⁹ Enzymatic Activity Comparison of Common Fibrinolytic Enzymes 2011
• ⁴⁰ Lumbrokinase Reference List May 2018
• ⁴¹ Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar; 18(3): 523
• ^42, 46 Biol Pharm Bull. 1995 Oct;18(10):1387-91
• ⁴³ Lab Anim Res December 2013; 29(4): 221-225
• ⁴⁴ International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017 Mar; 18(3): 523, Benefits of Nattokinase
• ⁴⁵ Scientific Reports 2015; 5: 11601
• ⁴⁷ Article Number 6210, Lunathrombase has in vitro thrombolytic potency but is devoid of hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity against mammalian cells
• ⁴⁸ Respirology 2003 Sep;8(3):316-20
• ⁴⁹ International Journal of Surgery, 2013 Apr;11(3):209-217